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Let's build a voltage multiplier!
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- Published on Feb 3, 2023 veröffentlicht
- In this video, I explain the how a Dickson charge pump operates and how to build a basic example.
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Ben is two steps away from becoming Electroboom
Perhaps Electroboom is Ben Eater of the future all along.
That’s why this showed up on my recommended list lmaoo
correct. also I watch electroboom
Right but it doesn’t BOOM 💥
LoL
He's a much better teacher than ElectroBoom ever will be
I am an electronics student. None of my professors is capable of elucidating in such a manner. Huge Thanks for being on youtube and sharing the knowledge.
@Reckless Rodent actually, both are correct my friend.
Electronics isn’t really something you can teach, it’s something you can learn yourself tho to gain a full understanding and by watching this video tada you’ve done it buddy.
888th like
I took commerce in my 12 i loved science but I was in sports so now doing bca
@Alexander Kuhn or the old “you just need it to make the circuit work properly”, as I was told for every resistor and capacitor and inductor… I kinda get they were doing the basics for the class and I would’ve gotten to those subtleties later but… he only had enough time in his schedule to discuss that stuff after class one or two times
Demonstrating this by actually moving the capacitor, and then also with a mechanical switch, is an amazing way to show how this circuit works! Thanks for the wonderful videos!
@danR Living or not, that's not possible. Perpetual motion machines can not be invented.
I fear for his life. The giant transformer industry will not stand for this threat to their vested interests!
Have you ever heard of a living inventor of a real working perpetual motion machine? Didn't think so.
( 🤪 )
ya I thought the switch was an elegant way to show what's going on here
I'ts mindblowing how you can explain everything in such an easy to understand manner
@CruelFish i dont understand any of this either
Ronnie McNutt reference?
Yup. Just amazing...
@Alex C No, sometimes people are just bad at explaining things. Even having a degree in things like this, I still enjoy watching the videos. I know my first instinct would be to over complicate the thing compared to what's done here.
@CruelFish Electronics is hard, 'easy' is relative!
Building up to a DC/DC converter circuit by gradually introducing capacitors, physical switches, and diodes... then moving on to a clock signal and MOSFET... was brilliant! This is the most intuitive way I've seen a power supply Circuit explained, and I'd love to see a similar approach for other topolgies!
@Alex Serdukov The original source is a battery. Those are DC.
@Alex Serdukov it's actually a square wave not AC.
Similar effect but different principles of operation.
@Alex Serdukov except it is, the 555 is Part of the circuit and runs on DC
This isn’t dc dc voltage converter
This is ac/dc voltage multiplier, in this example it turns low voltage square wave to the high voltage dc
But it would also work with sine wave ac current from the grid (while dc dc converter won’t)
It is amazing the way he explains things, starting with the basics that anyone can understand and gradually increasing in complexity.
Really appreciate the way you build on one idea at a time this way. It’s a rarity to learn from a teacher who is attuned to the student’s perspective (how it feels to not have the knowledge being taught).
I still barely understand most of this stuff but Ben does such an amazing job keeping it simple, practical, and easy to follow along with. The bread boards alone have shown me so much about how electrical circuits work in ways I never thought Id understand.
Absolutely! There are many youtube channels showing really cool electronic builds and concepts, but this is the only one I know of that is paced for learners. Not to disparage those other channels, but the rest go so fast through the material that each video requires independent study (and sometimes frame by frame review) to actually understand and appreciate whats being presented. With a basic electronic education (all the laws and understanding of most passive and active components) I can just watch Ben's videos and feel as though I really learned something by the end.
yes! exactly!
@Shaun Clarke yep, same for binary negative numbers. The advantage with that is that if you ever forget or come back after a long time, you can try to find it back with logic
I've learned so much from his videos for that reason.
Starts with the basics then builds on it.
His logic videos were amazing.
Ben is stepping into the dark side! It's really weird to see him dealing with not-so-soft voltage level
Time to collab with styropyro
@Snazz Yep. Seems like someone forgot to install CS:S 😂
@Xabab gmod?
Damn, it've been years since I saw that pink-black checker pattern of the profile picture of yours
As a mechanical engineer trying to understand electrical/computer engineering more, this channel is a goldmine. Keep up the great work.
As an electronics hobbyist, Id like to understand mechanical engineering. Any resources to recommend?
That makes two of us. It's exactly the same story here. A mechanical engineer that was hired by a company that designs and produces electronic devices and respective software, and now he's amazed by this world of electronics.
@Jim Bobb I mean it's harder to integrate improvements in that type of infrastructure. At least they are making all those skyscrapers that can survive earthquakes I guess 🤷
Mechanical, eh? You’re alright, but don’t get me started on those civil/structural losers
Right. I thought I would be able to just slide right in but yeah I found that I am like a new born to an 80 yr old man.
"There's not very much energy to move, so I can't really feel anything" sounds like we need to try again with larger capacitors 😁
This was probably my favourite thing I learned from an electrical engineering course I did over a summer when I was 14... I may have blown up a cap or two trying to charge them to 1kv with a boost converter...
@Infilove- Reaching Your Potential luckily I don't remember the smell lol, although the ones I've only burnt out still stink and have even permanently made my component box smell
@Infilove- Reaching Your Potential
Did you properly bless them, and put the funny tall hat on them??
@BruceNJeffAreMyFlies With the very limited current available from a 9-volt battery, I DO find it hard to believe that there is enough energy available there to create a loud BANG from an LED.
@da1ve468 low e.t.'s Cool story. This guy has though, and the fact that it happened gave someone a fright. Is it really that hard to believe?
I never got to be a EE, but I've always loved electronics. Did the build a color TV thing through DeVry, and I'm a ham radio operator. Built circuits to run stepper motors for my telescope, etc..... I really enjoyed this video. I kept waiting... When were you going to introduce the diode? One thing I learned early on too was, it's not the voltage that kills you. It's the amperage! This is a great illustration! Thank you!
Really good video. Suggestion: can you make a video about boost/buck DC-DC converters? They use the same principle I think, but also use an inductor
@Murasaki I only hear water hammer when my washing machine runs, because apparently the computer controlled relay for the valve still just goes SNAP! instead of gradually opening over a second or two like they could. Guess it’s cheap enough they didn’t want to pay the few pennies for the extra spring in the valve…
To those who think water hammer is not familiar to most people: Ever lived in a house or apartment with plumbing that had insufficient water hammer prevention and a washing machine with fast-acting valves? Then every time the washing machine shuts off the water, you get a hammering sound (literally, it sounds like somebody hit the supply pipes with a hammer). I lived for several years in an apartment that had both problems, and eventually one of the hoses popped. (Before that, I had experience with washing machines that slowly shut off the water slowly -- in retrospect, I realize that this may have been on purpose, to prevent this problem.)
@BeanApprentice Right. Because a coil wants to resist snapping back to zero, like a flywheel. A capacitor likes a change in direction, just like a spring.
@JDTeam An everyday object that works a bit like an inductor is a hammer. If you simply push a hammer against a nail it will not move. But if you swing the hammer and hit the nail, then you can "charge up" the hammer with energy (current) and turn that energy into force ("voltage") when it hits the nail, thereby applying much more force to the nail than you could just by pushing it. This is the principle of operation of a boost converter.
@Steven Talcott nope, a spring is the mechanical equivalent of a capacitor
I’ve literally been stuck on a project for a while because I need to generate a high voltage waveform at low frequencies and this has helped me overcome my limited knowledge. Excited to use it!
I just graduated with a focus in electrical engineering and you are explaining these concepts so much better than many of my professors. Thanks!
Ben you certainly have an uncanny ability to explain complex things in a simple manner. It's good to hear your voice again after a much too long absence.
Great video on Charge Pump theory. It's a fantastic visualization of the breakdown of the process. Of course, there are simple single IC examples of DC-DC Charge Pump using a couple passives as well as Buck-Boost versions using a small inductor, but this provides great fundamentals of the process.
Your videos are always so clear and well put, Thank you!
Ben you are absolutely my favorite youtuber for this sort of thing. The way you're able to break down even complex stuff is really good.
You're education process is amazing. You start out with a very simple idea and explain a goal. Then you just add one step at a time which each step is simple. By the end we have a somewhat complicated set up but we understand why each individual part is added. Great videos!
* Your
Once you started switching your mechanical switch before using the 555, I immediately knew where this was going lol. You're making a really interesting boost converter.
Of course with a higher voltage means lower current in this circuit due to conservation of energy.
I wish I had a teacher like you decades ago, I would've been good at electronics.
I love the way you're able to break things down into simple, demonstrable steps that build on each other. Great work!
After hundreds of hours of education and thousands of hours field experience, this is hands down the best explanation I’ve seen of boosting voltage with reactive power. First video I’ve ever downloaded to use for teaching! This video is going to spark lightbulbs above many heads. Kudos Ben and Thank You
Ben you are an incredible educator. You have an amazing ability to break stuff down so that it seems intuitive. Please write a book! 👍
This video is EXACTLY what I needed to see. It featured a concept I have had difficulty understanding in a way which made things perfectly lucid. The business with the switch was a fantastic way of explaining things. I love Mr B.Eater's videos and his laconic American teacher voice. This man should be in a classroom/lecture hall teaching. (I also found his 555IC video to be similarly amazing). He is like electroboom without a body, monobrowbrow, or electric shocks/sparks.
Voltages in series add up. It's why we combine cells into batteries. Here he's just substituting a charged capacitor for another battery. But then he charges the capacitor with the original battery. If you take a 9V battery apart you're find six 1.5V cells in it. There's two styles. There's the packs and there's the cylinders. Packs are stacked and cylinders are side by side. Also 9V battery cases are always made out of sheet metal that's one hundredth of an inch thick. So I use them as shim stock a lot. Don't matter who made the battery it's always 0.01" Must be some battery cabal conspiracy stuff.
We need more teachers like you
Thank you for every one of your video❤
Instead of 555 (the chip I hated to use) you could use a CMOS chip like 4049 which had 6 inverting gates. Only 2 gates would be needed to do what you did. Had you used a much bigger capacitor at the end, you would have got a big shock. Basically you created an AC signal and then used a voltage doubler circuit repeatedly. People have come out many other names for this concept including Joule theft and charge pump.
Would love a similar video on switching regulators. None of the resources I've seen so far have really made it make intuitive sense, but all of your videos are amazing explanations.
you always make impossible videos possible, kudos to you bro, you're videos are like primitive technology on modern electronics that are build which we society take for granted for everyday, keep it up
ben's videos are amazingly dual purpose, they can always put me to sleep but i always rewatch the video next day because they're so interesting
I love how you go gradually increasing the complexity but without missing any explanation in detail. Thank you
Damn he makes learning everything so simple 🔥🔥
Ben is one of the few creators I subscribe to that gets the video like before the video plays. They're always great. The only downside to this video is it's only 16 minutes long.
I've learned more from your content than just about anything else, in my opinion, you're the best computer electronics educator out there. Would you consider videos on oscillators, like frequency multipliers and dividers? Maybe it could be like "Making the worlds worst sound card".
Fantastic explications you offer us here, I wished I´d have had teachers like you in my younger years ! Thanks a lot!
The two complementary clock signals can also be easily generated from a microcontroller's GPIO pins if, like you suggested at the end, you want to generate a higher voltage rail for a particular interface like RS232 or RS485. Driving the GPIOs straight into the capacitor is probably not a great idea, since the maximum source/sink currents on the MCU would probably be exceeded if you did that, but the MOSFET arrangement shown earlier in the video would work perfectly, with one MOSFET attached to each pin.
The total maximum supply current is quite low in this design due to the resistors, and lowering the resistances significantly decreases efficiency, so if you need more drive current, you can use a MOSFET push-pull buffer on each of the two clock phases. Designing these push-pull MOSFET circuits to avoid shoot-through (where both MOSFETs turn on at once and short from +V to GND) can be a bit tricky if you try to do it from scratch, but there are really cheap MOSFET driver ICs designed to do exactly this (often called "high-side/low-side drivers").
For bonus points, you can set up your MCU to output PWM at 50% duty cycle on a single pin (this uses 0% CPU because the PWM is generated by a hardware peripheral), then hook up a MOSFET as shown in this video to invert the output, and use the non-inverted and inverted signals to drive the two separate MOSFET push-pull circuits from a single GPIO pin.
How would available current/Amps change between steps? Also, I'd really love a schematic for this; I know the extra parts might be obvious to many, but for me they're just a mystery 🙈.
Each switching node, and the original input, effectively uses up the same amount of current that you get from the output. If you have 5 stages (plus the input) and want 5mA out then you need 5mA into each stage, a total of 30mA. Of course it only flows half the time so it's 10mA when it is flowing.
Really appreciate the way you explain practically simple this voltage multipliers circuit, excellent explanation
I’m a computer engineer taking lots of EE classes and this video was more educational on circuitry than any lecture I’ve ever had
I've seen thousands of educational videos trying to explain different concepts on different disciplines. There's nothing like this anywhere, not in youtube not in payed content. Societies need people like you to grow and step into the future, more than any other thing. If our future is on education, then your ability is precious.
Please: KEEP-IT-UP!
What an amazing video. One of your best, in my opinion. Super excited to see what you'd do next with the serial interface.
Thanks for bringing back memories of 555 timers and diode switching circuits :) I designed circuits when scopes displayed waveforms using cathode ray tubes, yikes!
im an apprentice as an electrician and the education is very good. still you made me understand so much things i couldnt figure out so far. great videos
Of course at the end of that multiplier you could put a much larger capacitor that gets charged over a period of time. Then you can feel the full power of the Force. I use it for tack welding small parts.
Was just reading about DC boost converters; would love to hear you explain how they work. Thanks for the great videos!
You sir are a fantastic educator.
The way you present your videos and the cadence of your voice presents the information in a very engaging and enjoyable way.
I've been involved with electronics and electrics professionally as a service engineer for over 35 years, and I've been doing electronics as a hobby for over 40 years. I always manage to learn something from your videos, even if I know the basic theory of the subject in the video.
Even if I did know the subject in the video like the back of my hand, I'd still watch it for pure entertainment value. 🙂
I'm a retired electronic engineer. I enjoy your videos. You have a great way of explaining things about electronics. Great job.
I really appreciate to be told why a component is needed and what it actually does. It's kind of like the teacher wanted to see how you came up with the answer on a math test. I like your method since I am a beginner at the age of 68.
Ben, it's amazing how well you explain things!! Every video I've watched, I've remembered something useful - which I can't say for all the creators I follow.
Love the video as always. I would like to suggest videos involving FPGAs, I think there's a wide array of really cool projects you could!
Yes, certainly I found that interesting. Great explaination as always, thanks Ben!
This was one of the most insightful videos on basic electronic components ever!
Thanks. Would love more videos like this explaining how different component can actually be used and are used in real circuits!
❤
Really neat. Ben you are a fantastic teacher. I am not even an electronics professional but I have no problems learning and understanding what you teach. Thank you for sharing your knowledge.
It's amazing how you build up a concept by adding complexity to it step by step. If that's not mastering teaching, I don't know what it is.
That is the best demonstration/explanation of a charge pump I have ever seen. I've known of their existence for a long time and had a rough idea of what the caps do, but your demonstration explained it fully. Bravo, and thank you!
Sweet! I've always wondered about how power circuits work, love hearing about the basis of foundational parts. Now I kinda want to hear about clock circuit basics too lol.
You never cease to amaze me with the quality of your videos! I'm learning so much interesting stuff!
Charge Pumps are also useful if you need negative voltage input for an opamp or something like that.
You are fundamentally teaching me in ways that I can't believe! Your examples are really, really helpful
Ben you are a wonderful inspiration to us all. I am building your cpu in Minecraft and IRL. Amazing content, keep it up!
Hey! I'm about to graduate in Electronics Engineering, and i have to say i'm always blown away from the manner that you manage to lay down an idea on paper and then go straight to the breadboard, from a simple circuit and then improving on it step by step, this is what EE should be all about. Whatched the whole thing at once, keep it up man !
Indeed, I wish he had been my teacher back in college.
Glad to see you back putting out informational videos! For a while there I was afraid we'd seen the last of your amazing content.
So interesting. I find that after watching your videos for a while I'm beginning to feel familiar with all conecpts of electronics, almost effortless.
Great display of simple voltage doupler to whatever voltage you want. Yes, the current isn't there, but the voltage certainly is and that same circuit is/was used in a lot of circuits for higher voltages... Thumbs Up!
Simply amazing stuff. This is actually something I've wondered about ever since I was a child...
Just this evening I've been experimenting with possibly using a charge pump as a supply for high-side N-channel MOSFETs. Awesome video!
Love your content and how informative are you
The way this is described is so good. It's always interesting revising a topic and seeing another persons take on it. I really liked the description on voltage having the potential to move a lot of energy but in this case doesn't because there isn't much to move. For a while I've been wondering how to describe that when it comes to situations where you can have high voltages but really they are a bit knock off because they can't actually do anything.
Always a delight to see Ben Eater's videos.
I really like your videos, the way you start out with very simple schematics and build upon that is a good insight into the process of electronics engineering.
Ben is so much fun to watch
If you’ve ever appreciated analog electronics, you heart will enjoy every minute of this video ❤️
Incredibly clear and understandable. Excellent, thank you.
Very nice video. The MAX232 transceiver uses charge pumps to generate the RS232 levels. You just add the external caps. Now I know how they work. Maybe you could illustrate how to get the negative level in this way?
@Joseph Chamness Well, if you want actual power you need to scale up, or might have to do it differently anyway.
@JouMxyzptlk but that would limit the power you can use for all rails?
Look at the last seconds of his video where he shows the in-between voltages. Define one of those in-between as "ground" for your second circuit and you will have negative voltage to the left, and positive voltage to the right. Check with a multi-meter, should confirm!
@Alex C Just pretend that the positive terminal of the battery is ground and you have a negative voltage
I don't think you can just flip the circuit upside down because you'd need to have a negative voltage to begin with. You can use the exact same switching idea to make a voltage lower than 0, I'm just not sure if the same clever trick still applies
Magnificent way to explain it! I'd love to see a video explaining proper boost converters in this sort of easy to grasp, step-by-step way.
Thank you. I've always been confused about this circuit but your explanation makes sense.
So glad I found your channel. I've never taken a course in electricity so never understood what was going on. Now I do! Thank you!
The way you explain things are so clear that I understand them very clearly and always remember. Thank you Ben 🤗
You are awesome Ben. Please keep up the good work!
I did this exact same development and thinking on a lab bench while a sophomore in college in 1978! Thanks so much for the memories. PS, I used a 2N2222 NPN. Didn't know about MOSFETs.
@DC20 That's a great story. After having earned my BSEE in 1977, I took a graduate level course in Spring 1978 to learn about how microprocessors worked. We had S-100 bus 8080 computers on which to design supplementary hardware and write simple Assembler firmware. An excellent learning experience that led to almost 39 years of designing new hardware for a living.
@John Coops They made pretty good sounding amplifiers a few years later though... Those Hitachi TO-3's were magical sounding.
@DC20 Ah that sounds like such an interesting project to have worked on.
The design of the charge pump was to use it for RS232 communication to talk to a teletype. The overall three year project in college was to build and program a breadboard 8080A to read 1 of 16 toggle switches and output the Hex equivalent on four of the new red DC light bulbs (LED's)! I used DRAM and programmed a 1702 EPROM one byte at a time with hand assembled binary from the OP codes. Finally got it working before I graduated but only after switching to the Z80 which had Ras and Cas refresh lines for the DRAM. Very primitive by today's standards, but I learned so much, because back then even the Professors didn't know how to do it. We had to figure it out together.
Mosfets were not in common use in 1978, and in those days were often considered inferior to BJT due to high cost and slow operation.
you could make the oszillation frequency higher and use two mosfets, one that is controlled by the first clock,to power the first step, and one that is controlled by the second clock, to power the second step, and so on. This will give you higher power. Also you could use a little bit bigger capacitors. But then maybe limit the continuous power again, for it to be touched.
Thanks I learned a lot from this video .I love the way you explain and show how electronics work ,I can't wait to watch all your lessons 🤗
I wish my professor back in my university had possessed Ben's ability to explaining things
Very interesting! I'd love to see more analog electronics from you in the future!
I think I've never seen a better explaination of this kind of circuitry as you did. This is absolutely awesome!
I love staying up late working on a Ben Eater project (8 bit computer; just added the bus and added 4 out of the 7 modules to it) and then there’s a new video out this morning just making my day even better :) Now I want to look up how to do 9V to 5V so I can power the computer with 9V. Oh wait, would a simple voltage divider work or would that waste energy in the resistor? Guess I’ll go find out!
defining acronyms
LDO: Low-dropout regulator
That would be a very wasteful, low current, HOT, circuit... 🔥
As mentioned, a simple LDO regulator circuit would be the next step up, that would work ok. 1 I.C., and 2 capacitors is all that would be required.
I'm actually curious if you got it to work with a simple voltage divider. My back of the envelope calculations were questionable as to whether it would work (and especially work with a narrow enough voltage swing and simultaneously without letting the magic smoke out of the R1 resistor on the divider), especially since I can only guess at your overall maximum current draw (which will vary wildly depending on the operations your computer is doing). In any case, if the voltage divider doesn't pan out, try getting a 7805 regulator (a very popular device since before I started haunting Radio Shacks in the late 1970s) and a heat sink. The 7805 is still just a linear power supply, so you'll still be dropping 4/9 of your power into that heat sink powering it with a 9V battery, but it might work well enough.
Edit: If you've never heard of them before, the 7805 is based on the LM340 adding components for a fixed output. They also have internal protections against thermal and overcurrent. The "8" in the part number is the positive series, and the "05" means 5 volts. They make others, most notably the 7812 (+12V) and the 7905 (-5V, the "9" indicating negative going), two others near and dear to me. 😊
Nice to see Ben Eater coming over to the dark side of high voltage. :D Was hoping you would throw some sparks like the thumbnail. In all seriousness you have taught me so much about digital electronics that I have no complaints. Nice to see a new video. :)
This is used in a lot of hand held test equipment. If you have a hand held, battery powered megger, this is similar to how they generate those high voltages from batteries.
Also called a voltage doubler (tripler, and so on). Your description made a lot more sense than my college professors explanation.
I LOVE you’re videos, keep up the great work for all of us learning from you
This video was extremely entertaining! please keep it up and wish you all the best
Thank you, I have been searching for visually interactive, vocal, and tactile description, explanation for these concepts. I am new to this and have been getting extremely frustrated, my learning disability can really get me down. I have a feeling I am going to be putting you videos on repeat because you make it easier to understand. Thank you so much.
IIRC this can, with a little reconfiguration, be used to create a negative voltage rail for use with devices (like op-amps) that require a dual power supply
Yes, I've built a circuit like that before
Ben is awesome. I hope we see more electronic projects.
totally new to this level in the world of electronics, just stumbled onto your site via a Clip-Share wormhole and am enjoying this! as a plumber with a bachelors in sculpture that also doubles as a wanna be electronic musician. please tell me you are listening to these oscilloscope waveforms! after building a few small kits recently I think you just helped me connect a few dots
Wow this was a great one! I really enjoyed the topic of more how electricity works rather than the usual logic based videos, both are important for working circuits
Damn!! I've never heard this phenomenon explained in such a way!! Way to go Ben!
If only college professors know how to teach efficiently like Ben, the world would have been a better place.
I sincerely wish you could have been my EE professor. You have an incredible ability to distill important concepts into succinct explanations and labs; truly magnificent work.
If he had been your EE professor, he probably wouldn’t have time for Clip-Share.
But this way, he’s _everyone’s_ EE professor :)
It's like the fifth time I've seen this circuit explained, and the first time it's really made sense. Thanks!
Thanks for this great video on voltage multiplier circuits and the Dickson charge pump! The explanation was very clear and concise, and the demonstration of building a basic example was very helpful. I appreciate the effort put into making educational content like this. Keep up the great work!
This is a phenomenal Feynmannian effort. Keep it up.